--- title: Insects have no lungs: air flows into their bodies through tiny hole… — Insects and spiders · tree and pragmatics description: Insects have no lungs: air flows into their bodies through tiny holes along their sides and travels down thin tubes, which works only in small bodies, and that is one reason insects stay small. Who acts: Insects, air, thin tubes, that. A sentence of the lesson «Insects and spiders» of the world cour --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/72-insects-and-spiders/1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [Insects and spiders](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/72-insects-and-spiders/) / 1 # Insects and spiders, sentence 1 Insects have no lungs: air flows into their bodies through tiny holes along their sides and travels down thin tubes, which works only in small bodies, and that is one reason insects stay small. **Who acts:** Insects, air, thin tubes, that · **What happens:** have, flow, travel, work, be, stay · **To what, where:** lungs, bodies, thin tubes, one reason This is a sentence of the lesson «Insects and spiders» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Insects, air, thin tubes, that), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:world:072-insects-and-spiders.lesson:1 # text = Insects have no lungs: air flows into their bodies through tiny holes along their sides and travels down thin tubes, which works only in small bodies, and that is one reason insects stay small. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = world # lesson = 072-insects-and-spiders.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×2 1 Insects insect NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 4 det _ _ 4 lungs lung NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obj _ _ 5 : : PUNCT : _ 7 punct _ _ 6 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _ 7 flows flow VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ _ 8 into into ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 10 nmod:poss _ _ 10 bodies body NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 obl _ _ 11 through through ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 tiny tiny ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 amod _ _ 13 holes hole NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=10:nmod 14 along along ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 15 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ _ 16 sides side NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 nmod _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 18 travels travel VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=10:conj 19 down down ADV RB _ 21 advmod _ _ 20 thin thin ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 amod _ _ 21 tubes tube NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 obj _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 23 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 24 nsubj _ _ 24 works work VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 21 acl:relcl _ _ 25 only only ADV RB _ 28 advmod _ _ 26 in in ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 27 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 28 amod _ _ 28 bodies body NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 obl _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=7:punct 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 34 cc _ _ 31 that that PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 34 nsubj _ _ 32 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 34 cop _ _ 33 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 34 nummod _ _ 34 reason reason NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 conj _ _ 35 insects insect NOUN NNS Number=Plur 36 nsubj _ _ 36 stay stay VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 34 acl _ _ 37 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 36 xcomp _ _ 38 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | Insects | no lungs | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lung=Patient | | 2 | **flow** | present | air | | | lungs's bodies | | through tiny holes along lungs's sides | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through hole=Location | | 3 | **travel** | present | air *not said here* | thin tubes | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme tube=Trajectory | | 4 | **work** | present | thin tubes | | | | | in small bodies | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in body=Theme | | 5 | **is a** | present | that | one reason | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **stay** | present | insects | one reason *not said here* | | | | small *property* | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme reason=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:072-insects-and-spiders.lesson:1`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Insects and spiders, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/72-insects-and-spiders/0/) - next →: [Insects and spiders, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/72-insects-and-spiders/2/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/72-insects-and-spiders/)