---
title: Insects breathe through tiny holes along their bodies, not through l… — Insects and spiders · tree and pragmatics
description: Insects breathe through tiny holes along their bodies, not through lungs. Who acts: Insects. A sentence of the lesson «Insects and spiders» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Insects and spiders, sentence 10

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Insects breathe through tiny holes along their bodies, not through lungs.

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**Who acts:** Insects · **What happens:** breathe · **To what, where:** tiny holes

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Insects and spiders» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Insects), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:072-insects-and-spiders.lesson:10
# text = Insects breathe through tiny holes along their bodies, not through lungs.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 072-insects-and-spiders.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Insects	insect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	breathe	breathe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	through	through	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	holes	hole	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	along	along	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	bodies	body	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
11	through	thorough	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	lungs	lung	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **breathe** | present | Insects |  |  | tiny holes along holes's bodies and lungs |  |  | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:072-insects-and-spiders.lesson:10`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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