--- title: An insect's hard outer skeleton cannot stretch, so a growing insect… — Insects and spiders · tree and pragmatics description: An insect's hard outer skeleton cannot stretch, so a growing insect must moult: it splits its old skin and crawls out in a new, soft one that hardens later. Who acts: hard outer skeleton, growing insect, insect, new soft one. A sentence of the lesson «Insects and spiders» of the world course of Mova --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/72-insects-and-spiders/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [Insects and spiders](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/72-insects-and-spiders/) / 2 # Insects and spiders, sentence 2 An insect's hard outer skeleton cannot stretch, so a growing insect must moult: it splits its old skin and crawls out in a new, soft one that hardens later. **Who acts:** hard outer skeleton, growing insect, insect, new soft one · **What happens:** not stretch, grow, moult, split, crawl out, harden · **To what, where:** old skin This is a sentence of the lesson «Insects and spiders» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hard outer skeleton, growing insect, insect, new soft one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:world:072-insects-and-spiders.lesson:2 # text = An insect's hard outer skeleton cannot stretch, so a growing insect must moult: it splits its old skin and crawls out in a new, soft one that hardens later. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = world # lesson = 072-insects-and-spiders.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1 1 An a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 insect insect NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nmod:poss _ _ 3 's 's PART POS _ 2 case _ _ 4 hard hard ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 5 outer outer ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 skeleton skeleton NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ _ 7 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 9 aux _ _ 8 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 9 advmod _ _ 9 stretch stretch VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 11 so so ADV RB _ 16 advmod _ _ 12 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 13 growing grow VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 14 amod _ _ 14 insect insect NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 nsubj _ _ 15 must must AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 16 aux _ _ 16 moult moult VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 9 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=9:conj 17 : : PUNCT : _ 19 punct _ _ 18 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nsubj _ _ 19 splits split VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 parataxis _ _ 20 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ _ 21 old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 amod _ _ 22 skin skin NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obj _ _ 23 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 24 crawls crawl VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 conj _ _ 25 out out ADV RB _ 24 advmod _ _ 26 in in ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 27 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 28 new new ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 amod _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 30 soft soft ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 amod _ _ 31 one one NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 obl _ _ 32 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 33 nsubj _ _ 33 hardens harden VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 31 acl:relcl _ _ 34 later late ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 33 advmod _ _ 35 . . PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **not** **stretch** | can | a insect's hard outer skeleton | | | | | | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 2 | **grow** | gerund | | | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **moult** | must | a growing insect | | | | | | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 4 | **split** | present | insect | insect's old skin | | | | | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skin=Patient | | 5 | **crawl out** | present | insect *not said here* | | | | | in a new soft one; out *property* | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in one=Trajectory | | 6 | **harden** | present | a new soft one | | | | | late *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:072-insects-and-spiders.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Insects and spiders, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/72-insects-and-spiders/1/) - next →: [Insects and spiders, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/72-insects-and-spiders/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/72-insects-and-spiders/)