---
title: The curved shape of a wing gives lift as air flows past it. — Birds: feathers, nests and flight · tree and pragmatics
description: The curved shape of a wing gives lift as air flows past it. Who acts: curved shape, air. A sentence of the lesson «Birds: feathers, nests and flight» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Birds: feathers, nests and flight, sentence 11

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The curved shape of a wing gives lift as air flows past it.

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**Who acts:** curved shape, air · **What happens:** give, flow · **To what, where:** lift

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Birds: feathers, nests and flight» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (curved shape, air), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:073-birds-feathers-nests-flight.lesson:11
# text = The curved shape of a wing gives lift as air flows past it.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 073-birds-feathers-nests-flight.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	curved	curve	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	shape	shape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=7:det
6	wing	wing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=7:compound
7	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	lift	lift	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
10	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	flows	flow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
12	past	past	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obl	_	_
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present | the curved shape  a wing | lift |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lift=Theme |
| 2 | **flow** | present | air |  |  |  |  | past shape | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:073-birds-feathers-nests-flight.lesson:11`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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