---
title: Birds have no teeth; a muscly part of the stomach called the gizzard… — Birds: feathers, nests and flight · tree and pragmatics
description: Birds have no teeth; a muscly part of the stomach called the gizzard grinds their food, often with swallowed grit. Who acts: Birds, stomach, muscly part. A sentence of the lesson «Birds: feathers, nests and flight» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmat
---

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# Birds: feathers, nests and flight, sentence 12

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Birds have no teeth; a muscly part of the stomach called the gizzard grinds their food, often with swallowed grit.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Birds, stomach, muscly part · **What happens:** have, call, grind, swallow · **To what, where:** teeth, gizzard, food · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Birds: feathers, nests and flight» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Birds, stomach, muscly part), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:073-birds-feathers-nests-flight.lesson:12
# text = Birds have no teeth; a muscly part of the stomach called the gizzard grinds their food, often with swallowed grit.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 073-birds-feathers-nests-flight.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	4	det	_	_
4	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	muscly	muscly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	stomach	stomach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	11	acl	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	gizzard	gizzard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	grinds	grind	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
16	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
19	often	often	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
20	with	with	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	swallowed	swallow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	amod	_	_
22	grit	grit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Birds | no teeth |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Patient |
| 2 | **call** | participle | the stomach *not said here* | the gizzard |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent gizzard=Recipient |
| 3 | **grind** | present | a muscly part of the stomach | teeth's food |  |  |  | with swallowed grit; often *property* | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent food=Patient with grit=Instrument |
| 4 | **swallow** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:073-birds-feathers-nests-flight.lesson:12`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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