---
title: Birds are living descendants of dinosaurs. — Birds: feathers, nests and flight · tree and pragmatics
description: Birds are living descendants of dinosaurs. Who acts: Birds. A sentence of the lesson «Birds: feathers, nests and flight» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/73-birds-feathers-nests-flight/19/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [Birds: feathers, nests and flight](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/73-birds-feathers-nests-flight/) / 19

# Birds: feathers, nests and flight, sentence 19

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Birds are living descendants of dinosaurs.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Birds · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** living descendants

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Birds: feathers, nests and flight» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Birds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:073-birds-feathers-nests-flight.lesson:19
# text = Birds are living descendants of dinosaurs.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 073-birds-feathers-nests-flight.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	living	live	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	descendants	descendant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Birds | living descendants |  |  |  | of dinosaurs | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:073-birds-feathers-nests-flight.lesson:19`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Birds: feathers, nests and flight, 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/73-birds-feathers-nests-flight/18/)
- next →: [Fish, frogs and reptiles, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/74-fish-frogs-reptiles/0/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/73-birds-feathers-nests-flight/)