--- title: A wing is curved, so as the bird moves forward the air flowing past… — Birds: feathers, nests and flight · tree and pragmatics description: A wing is curved, so as the bird moves forward the air flowing past pushes it upward; this push is called lift. Who acts: bird, air. A sentence of the lesson «Birds: feathers, nests and flight» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/73-birds-feathers-nests-flight/3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [Birds: feathers, nests and flight](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/73-birds-feathers-nests-flight/) / 3 # Birds: feathers, nests and flight, sentence 3 A wing is curved, so as the bird moves forward the air flowing past pushes it upward; this push is called lift. **Who acts:** bird, air · **What happens:** curve, move forward, flow, push, call · **To what, where:** wing, bird, push · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Birds: feathers, nests and flight» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bird, air), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:world:073-birds-feathers-nests-flight.lesson:3 # text = A wing is curved, so as the bird moves forward the air flowing past pushes it upward; this push is called lift. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = world # lesson = 073-birds-feathers-nests-flight.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 wing wing NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj:pass _ _ 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux:pass _ _ 4 curved curve VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 5 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 6 so so ADV RB _ 10 advmod _ _ 7 as as SCONJ IN _ 10 mark _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 bird bird NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ _ 10 moves move VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=4:advcl 11 forward forward ADV RB _ 10 advmod _ _ 12 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 nsubj _ _ 14 flowing flow VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 13 acl _ _ 15 past past ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 advmod _ _ 16 pushes push VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=10:conj 17 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 obj _ _ 18 upward upward ADV RB _ 16 advmod _ _ 19 ; ; PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 20 this this DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 21 det _ _ 21 push push NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 nsubj:pass _ _ 22 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 23 aux:pass _ _ 23 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 10 conj _ _ 24 lift lift NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 xcomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=23:obj 25 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **curve** | present · passive | | a wing | | | | | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: subject=Material | | 2 | **move forward** | present | the bird | | | | | forward *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **flow** | gerund | the air *not said here* | | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **push** | present | the air | bird | | | | upward *property* | vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme | | 5 | **call** | present · passive | | this push | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:073-birds-feathers-nests-flight.lesson:3`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Birds: feathers, nests and flight, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/73-birds-feathers-nests-flight/1/) - next →: [Birds: feathers, nests and flight, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/73-birds-feathers-nests-flight/4/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/73-birds-feathers-nests-flight/)