---
title: A shark's skeleton is made of cartilage, the bendy material in our e… — Fish, frogs and reptiles · tree and pragmatics
description: A shark's skeleton is made of cartilage, the bendy material in our ears and nose, not bone. A sentence of the lesson «Fish, frogs and reptiles» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Fish, frogs and reptiles, sentence 12

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A shark's skeleton is made of cartilage, the bendy material in our ears and nose, not bone.

<!-- .vintro -->
**What happens:** make · **To what, where:** skeleton

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Fish, frogs and reptiles» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:074-fish-frogs-reptiles.lesson:12
# text = A shark's skeleton is made of cartilage, the bendy material in our ears and nose, not bone.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 074-fish-frogs-reptiles.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shark	shark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	_
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	skeleton	skeleton	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	cartilage	cartilage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	bendy	bendy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	material	material	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	ears	ear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	nose	nose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	20	advmod	_	_
20	bone	bone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | a shark's skeleton |  |  |  | of cartilage | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:074-fish-frogs-reptiles.lesson:12`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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