---
title: Because their skin is thin, frogs are easily harmed by polluted water. — Fish, frogs and reptiles · tree and pragmatics
description: Because their skin is thin, frogs are easily harmed by polluted water. Who acts: skin, polluted water. A sentence of the lesson «Fish, frogs and reptiles» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/74-fish-frogs-reptiles/15/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [Fish, frogs and reptiles](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/74-fish-frogs-reptiles/) / 15

# Fish, frogs and reptiles, sentence 15

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Because their skin is thin, frogs are easily harmed by polluted water.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** skin, polluted water · **What happens:** be, harm, pollute · **To what, where:** frogs

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Fish, frogs and reptiles» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (skin, polluted water), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:074-fish-frogs-reptiles.lesson:15
# text = Because their skin is thin, frogs are easily harmed by polluted water.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 074-fish-frogs-reptiles.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
2	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	advcl	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	frogs	frog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
9	easily	easily	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	harmed	harm	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	polluted	pollute	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	amod	_	_
13	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=assert

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Frogs's skin |  |  |  |  | thin *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **harm** | present · passive | polluted water | frogs |  |  |  | easily *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer |
| 3 | **pollute** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:074-fish-frogs-reptiles.lesson:15`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Fish, frogs and reptiles, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/74-fish-frogs-reptiles/14/)
- next →: [Fish, frogs and reptiles, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/74-fish-frogs-reptiles/16/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/74-fish-frogs-reptiles/)