--- title: Many fish have a swim bladder, a bag of gas inside the body; by chan… — Fish, frogs and reptiles · tree and pragmatics description: Many fish have a swim bladder, a bag of gas inside the body; by changing how much gas is in it, the fish can float at any depth without sinking or rising. Who acts: Many fish, fish. A sentence of the lesson «Fish, frogs and reptiles» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency t --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/74-fish-frogs-reptiles/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [Fish, frogs and reptiles](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/74-fish-frogs-reptiles/) / 2 # Fish, frogs and reptiles, sentence 2 Many fish have a swim bladder, a bag of gas inside the body; by changing how much gas is in it, the fish can float at any depth without sinking or rising. **Who acts:** Many fish, fish · **What happens:** have, change, be, float, sink, rise · **To what, where:** swim bladder, much gas, depth This is a sentence of the lesson «Fish, frogs and reptiles» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many fish, fish), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:world:074-fish-frogs-reptiles.lesson:2 # text = Many fish have a swim bladder, a bag of gas inside the body; by changing how much gas is in it, the fish can float at any depth without sinking or rising. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = world # lesson = 074-fish-frogs-reptiles.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 Many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 fish fish NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 5 swim swim NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 compound _ _ 6 bladder bladder NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 8 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 bag bag NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 appos _ _ 10 of of ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 gas gas NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nmod _ _ 12 inside inside ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 body body NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nmod _ _ 15 ; ; PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 16 by by SCONJ IN _ 17 mark _ _ 17 changing change VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 28 advcl _ _ 18 how how ADV WRB PronType=Int 19 advmod _ _ 19 much much ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 amod _ _ 20 gas gas NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obj _ _ 21 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 23 cop _ _ 22 in in ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 23 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nmod _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 fish fish NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 nsubj _ _ 27 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 28 aux _ _ 28 float float VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 parataxis _ _ 29 at at ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 30 any any DET DT PronType=Ind 31 det _ _ 31 depth depth NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obl _ _ 32 without without SCONJ IN _ 33 mark _ _ 33 sinking sink VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 28 advcl _ _ 34 or or CCONJ CC _ 35 cc _ _ 35 rising rise VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 33 conj _ _ 36 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | Many fish | a swim bladder | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bladder=Patient | | 2 | **change** | gerund | the fish *not said here* | much gas | | | | | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gas=Patient | | 3 | **is** | present | | | | | | in fish | tree rules | | 4 | **float** | can | the fish | | | any depth | | | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at depth=Trajectory | | 5 | **sink** | gerund | the fish *not said here* | | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 6 | **rise** | gerund | the fish *not said here* | | | | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:074-fish-frogs-reptiles.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Fish, frogs and reptiles, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/74-fish-frogs-reptiles/1/) - next →: [Fish, frogs and reptiles, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/74-fish-frogs-reptiles/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/74-fish-frogs-reptiles/)