--- title: Frogs and other amphibians have thin, moist skin, and they can take… — Fish, frogs and reptiles · tree and pragmatics description: Frogs and other amphibians have thin, moist skin, and they can take in some oxygen through it, so they must keep it damp; their eggs have no shell and dry out in air, so they are laid in water or in damp places. Who acts: Frogs, eggs. A sentence of the lesson «Fish, frogs and reptiles» of the world --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/74-fish-frogs-reptiles/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [Fish, frogs and reptiles](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/74-fish-frogs-reptiles/) / 4 # Fish, frogs and reptiles, sentence 4 Frogs and other amphibians have thin, moist skin, and they can take in some oxygen through it, so they must keep it damp; their eggs have no shell and dry out in air, so they are laid in water or in damp places. **Who acts:** Frogs, eggs · **What happens:** have, take in, keep, dry out, lay · **To what, where:** thin moist skin, oxygen, skin, shell, air, eggs This is a sentence of the lesson «Fish, frogs and reptiles» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Frogs, eggs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:world:074-fish-frogs-reptiles.lesson:4 # text = Frogs and other amphibians have thin, moist skin, and they can take in some oxygen through it, so they must keep it damp; their eggs have no shell and dry out in air, so they are laid in water or in damp places. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = world # lesson = 074-fish-frogs-reptiles.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 Frogs frog NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 2 and and CCONJ CC _ 4 cc _ _ 3 other other ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 4 amphibians amphibian NOUN NNS Number=Plur 1 conj _ _ 5 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 thin thin ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _ 8 moist moist ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 skin skin NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obj _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 12 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 nsubj _ _ 13 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 14 aux _ _ 14 take take VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 5 conj _ _ 15 in in ADP RP _ 14 compound:prt _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=17:case|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_ 16 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 17 det _ _ 17 oxygen oxygen NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=14:obl 18 through through ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 19 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 obl _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 21 so so ADV RB _ 24 advmod _ _ 22 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nsubj _ _ 23 must must AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 24 aux _ _ 24 keep keep VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 14 conj _ _ 25 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 obj _ _ 26 damp damp ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 24 xcomp _ _ 27 ; ; PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 28 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 29 nmod:poss _ _ 29 eggs egg NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 nsubj _ _ 30 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 24 conj _ _ 31 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 32 det _ _ 32 shell shell NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 obj _ _ 33 and and CCONJ CC _ 34 cc _ _ 34 dry dry VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 30 conj _ _ 35 out out ADP RP _ 34 compound:prt _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=34:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RB:_ 36 in in ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 37 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 obl _ _ 38 , , PUNCT , _ 42 punct _ _ 39 so so ADV RB _ 42 advmod _ _ 40 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 42 nsubj _ _ 41 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 42 aux:pass _ _ 42 laid lay VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 24 parataxis _ _ 43 in in ADP IN _ 44 case _ _ 44 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 42 obl _ _ 45 or or CCONJ CC _ 48 cc _ _ 46 in in ADP IN _ 48 case _ _ 47 damp damp ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 48 amod _ _ 48 places place NOUN NNS Number=Plur 42 conj _ _ 49 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | Frogs and other amphibians | thin moist skin | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skin=Patient | | 2 | **take in** | can | Frogs *= frog* | some oxygen | | oxygen | | | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent oxygen=Theme | | 3 | **keep** | must | Frogs *= frog* | skin | | | | damp *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme | | 4 | **have** | present | Frogs's eggs | no shell | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shell=Patient | | 5 | **dry out** | infinitive | Frogs's eggs *not said here* | | | air | | | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 6 | **lay** | present · passive | | eggs *= egg* | | water | | | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in water=Destination | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:074-fish-frogs-reptiles.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Fish, frogs and reptiles, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/74-fish-frogs-reptiles/3/) - next →: [Fish, frogs and reptiles, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/74-fish-frogs-reptiles/5/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/74-fish-frogs-reptiles/)