---
title: Young mammals learn many skills, such as hunting, by watching and co… — Mammals and how they care for their young · tree and pragmatics
description: Young mammals learn many skills, such as hunting, by watching and copying their parents. Who acts: Young mammals. A sentence of the lesson «Mammals and how they care for their young» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Mammals and how they care for their young, sentence 16

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Young mammals learn many skills, such as hunting, by watching and copying their parents.

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**Who acts:** Young mammals · **What happens:** learn, watch, copy · **To what, where:** many skills, parents

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Mammals and how they care for their young» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Young mammals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:075-mammals-and-their-young.lesson:16
# text = Young mammals learn many skills, such as hunting, by watching and copying their parents.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 075-mammals-and-their-young.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2
1	Young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	mammals	mammal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	learn	learn	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	skills	skill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=SCONJ	9	case	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=9:mark
8	as	as	ADP	IN	_	7	fixed	_	_
9	hunting	hunting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:acl|HaikuPos=VERB:VBG:VerbForm=Ger
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
12	watching	watch	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	advcl	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	copying	copy	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	conj	_	_
15	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	parents	parent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | present | Young mammals | many skills |  |  |  | such hunting | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skill=Topic |
| 2 | **watch** | gerund | Young mammals *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **copy** | gerund | Young mammals *not said here* | mammals's parents |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent parent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:075-mammals-and-their-young.lesson:16`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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