--- title: Parents keep the young warm, clean and safe, and they teach them: a… — Mammals and how they care for their young · tree and pragmatics description: Parents keep the young warm, clean and safe, and they teach them: a lioness shows her cubs how to hunt, and a young elephant learns where to find water from the older females of its herd. Who acts: Parents, lioness, young elephant. A sentence of the lesson «Mammals and how they care for their young» --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/75-mammals-and-their-young/3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [Mammals and how they care for their yo…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/75-mammals-and-their-young/) / 3 # Mammals and how they care for their young, sentence 3 Parents keep the young warm, clean and safe, and they teach them: a lioness shows her cubs how to hunt, and a young elephant learns where to find water from the older females of its herd. **Who acts:** Parents, lioness, young elephant · **What happens:** keep, teach, show, hunt, learn, find · **To what, where:** young, babies, cubs, water, older females This is a sentence of the lesson «Mammals and how they care for their young» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Parents, lioness, young elephant), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:world:075-mammals-and-their-young.lesson:3 # text = Parents keep the young warm, clean and safe, and they teach them: a lioness shows her cubs how to hunt, and a young elephant learns where to find water from the older females of its herd. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = world # lesson = 075-mammals-and-their-young.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1 1 Parents parent NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 keep keep VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 young young ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 obj _ _ 5 warm warm ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 xcomp _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _ 7 clean clean ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 conj _ _ 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _ 9 safe safe ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 conj _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 12 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nsubj _ _ 13 teach teach VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 14 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 iobj _ _ 15 : : PUNCT : _ 18 punct _ _ 16 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 lioness lioness NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 nsubj _ _ 18 shows show VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=13:conj 19 her her PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ _ 20 cubs cub NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 obj _ _ 21 how how ADV WRB PronType=Int 23 advmod _ _ 22 to to PART TO _ 23 mark _ _ 23 hunt hunt VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 20 acl _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 26 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 27 young young ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 28 amod _ _ 28 elephant elephant NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 nsubj _ _ 29 learns learn VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 conj _ _ 30 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 32 advmod _ _ 31 to to PART TO _ 32 mark _ _ 32 find find VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 29 xcomp _ _ 33 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obj _ _ 34 from from ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 35 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 36 older old ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 37 amod _ _ 37 females female NOUN NNS Number=Plur 32 obl _ _ 38 of of ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 39 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 40 nmod:poss _ _ 40 herd herd NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 nmod _ _ 41 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **keep** | present | Parents | the young | | | | warm *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent young=Theme | | 2 | **teach** *speech: other* | present | Parents *= parent* | | babies *= baby* | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent they=Recipient | | 3 | **show** | present | a lioness | lioness's cubs | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent cub=Recipient | | 4 | **hunt** | to-infinitive | a lioness *not said here* | lioness's cubs *not said here* | | | | | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **learn** | present | a young elephant | | | | | | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 6 | **find** | to-infinitive | a young elephant *not said here* | water | | the older females of elephant's herd | | | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent water=Theme from female=Source | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:075-mammals-and-their-young.lesson:3`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Mammals and how they care for their yo…, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/75-mammals-and-their-young/2/) - next →: [Mammals and how they care for their yo…, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/75-mammals-and-their-young/4/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/75-mammals-and-their-young/)