--- title: A tree is a large plant with a woody trunk; each year it grows a new… — Trees and forests through the year · tree and pragmatics description: A tree is a large plant with a woody trunk; each year it grows a new layer of wood under its bark, which we can see as a ring when the tree is cut. Who acts: tree, we. A sentence of the lesson «Trees and forests through the year» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/76-trees-and-forests-through-the-year/0/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [Trees and forests through the year](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/76-trees-and-forests-through-the-year/) / 0 # Trees and forests through the year, sentence 0 A tree is a large plant with a woody trunk; each year it grows a new layer of wood under its bark, which we can see as a ring when the tree is cut. **Who acts:** tree, we · **What happens:** be, grow, see, cut · **To what, where:** large plant, new layer, bark, tree This is a sentence of the lesson «Trees and forests through the year» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tree, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:world:076-trees-and-forests-through-the-year.lesson:0 # text = A tree is a large plant with a woody trunk; each year it grows a new layer of wood under its bark, which we can see as a ring when the tree is cut. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = world # lesson = 076-trees-and-forests-through-the-year.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 tree tree NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _ 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 cop _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 5 large large ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 plant plant NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 7 with with ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 8 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 9 woody woody ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 amod _ _ 10 trunk trunk NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nmod _ _ 11 ; ; PUNCT : _ 15 punct _ _ 12 each each DET DT PronType=Tot 13 det _ _ 13 year year NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obl:unmarked _ _ 14 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 nsubj _ _ 15 grows grow VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 parataxis _ _ 16 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 17 new new ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 amod _ _ 18 layer layer NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obj _ _ 19 of of ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 20 wood wood NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 nmod _ _ 21 under under ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 22 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 23 nmod:poss _ _ 23 bark bark NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obl _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 25 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 28 obj _ _ 26 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 28 nsubj _ _ 27 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 28 aux _ _ 28 see see VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 18 acl:relcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=23:acl:relcl 29 as as ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 30 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 ring ring NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obl _ _ 32 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 36 advmod _ _ 33 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 34 tree tree NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 nsubj _ _ 35 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 36 aux:pass _ _ 36 cut cut VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 28 advcl _ _ 37 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | a tree | a large plant | | | | with a woody trunk | tree rules | | 2 | **grow** | present | tree | a new layer of wood | | tree's bark | year | | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location layer=Theme | | 3 | **see** | can | we | a new layer of wood | | | | as a ring | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer which=Stimulus as ring=Attribute | | 4 | **cut** | present · passive | | the tree | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:076-trees-and-forests-through-the-year.lesson:0`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Mammals and how they care for their yo…, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/75-mammals-and-their-young/17/) - next →: [Trees and forests through the year, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/76-trees-and-forests-through-the-year/1/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/76-trees-and-forests-through-the-year/)