--- title: A wide ring in a cut trunk means a good year with plenty of rain and… — Trees and forests through the year · tree and pragmatics description: A wide ring in a cut trunk means a good year with plenty of rain and warmth; a thin ring means a dry or cold year — so a stump is like a diary of the tree's life. Who acts: wide ring, thin ring, stump. A sentence of the lesson «Trees and forests through the year» of the world course of Mova's primar --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/76-trees-and-forests-through-the-year/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [Trees and forests through the year](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/76-trees-and-forests-through-the-year/) / 4 # Trees and forests through the year, sentence 4 A wide ring in a cut trunk means a good year with plenty of rain and warmth; a thin ring means a dry or cold year — so a stump is like a diary of the tree's life. **Who acts:** wide ring, thin ring, stump · **What happens:** mean, be · **To what, where:** dry This is a sentence of the lesson «Trees and forests through the year» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wide ring, thin ring, stump), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:world:076-trees-and-forests-through-the-year.lesson:4 # text = A wide ring in a cut trunk means a good year with plenty of rain and warmth; a thin ring means a dry or cold year — so a stump is like a diary of the tree's life. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = world # lesson = 076-trees-and-forests-through-the-year.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 wide wide ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 ring ring NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ _ 4 in in ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 5 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 6 cut cut ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 7 trunk trunk NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nmod _ _ 8 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 9 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 10 good good ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ _ 11 year year NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=8:obl:unmarked 12 with with ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 13 plenty plenty NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nmod _ _ 14 of of ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 15 rain rain NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 nmod _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 17 warmth warmth NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 conj _ _ 18 ; ; PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 19 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 20 thin thin ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 amod _ _ 21 ring ring NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ _ 22 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 parataxis _ _ 23 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 27 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=24:det 24 dry dry NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obj _ _ 25 or or CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 26 cold cold ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 24 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=27:amod 27 year year NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 conj _ _ 28 — - PUNCT : _ 35 punct _ _ 29 so so ADV RB _ 35 advmod _ _ 30 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 stump stump NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 nsubj _ _ 32 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 35 cop _ _ 33 like like ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 34 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 35 diary diary NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obl _ _ 36 of of ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 37 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 38 det _ _ 38 tree tree NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 nmod:poss _ _ 39 's 's PART POS _ 38 case _ _ 40 life life NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 nmod _ _ 41 . . PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **mean** | present | a wide ring in a cut trunk | | | | year | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **mean** | present | a thin ring | dry or a year | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dry=Topic | | 3 | **is** | present | a stump | | | | | like a diary; of the tree's life | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:076-trees-and-forests-through-the-year.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Trees and forests through the year, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/76-trees-and-forests-through-the-year/3/) - next →: [Trees and forests through the year, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/76-trees-and-forests-through-the-year/5/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/76-trees-and-forests-through-the-year/)