---
title: Evergreen trees keep leaves all year and lose old ones little by lit… — Trees and forests through the year · tree and pragmatics
description: Evergreen trees keep leaves all year and lose old ones little by little. Who acts: Evergreen trees. A sentence of the lesson «Trees and forests through the year» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Trees and forests through the year, sentence 9

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Evergreen trees keep leaves all year and lose old ones little by little.

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**Who acts:** Evergreen trees · **What happens:** keep, lose · **To what, where:** leaves, old ones

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Trees and forests through the year» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Evergreen trees), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:076-trees-and-forests-through-the-year.lesson:9
# text = Evergreen trees keep leaves all year and lose old ones little by little.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 076-trees-and-forests-through-the-year.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1
1	Evergreen	evergreen	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	keep	keep	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	lose	lose	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
11	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	obl	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=8:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RB:Degree=Pos
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	obl	_	_
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | present | Evergreen trees | leaves |  |  | year |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Theme |
| 2 | **lose** | present | Evergreen trees *not said here* | old ones |  |  |  | by little; little *obl* | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Eventuality |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:076-trees-and-forests-through-the-year.lesson:9`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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