---
title: Fungi and bacteria grow best where it is warm and damp; the cold of… — Fungi, bacteria and tiny living things · tree and pragmatics
description: Fungi and bacteria grow best where it is warm and damp; the cold of a fridge or freezer slows them almost to a stop. Who acts: Fungi, milk, cold. A sentence of the lesson «Fungi, bacteria and tiny living things» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics
---

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# Fungi, bacteria and tiny living things, sentence 15

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Fungi and bacteria grow best where it is warm and damp; the cold of a fridge or freezer slows them almost to a stop.

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**Who acts:** Fungi, milk, cold · **What happens:** grow, be, slow · **To what, where:** Bacteria

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Fungi, bacteria and tiny living things» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Fungi, milk, cold), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:077-fungi-bacteria-tiny-living-things.lesson:15
# text = Fungi and bacteria grow best where it is warm and damp; the cold of a fridge or freezer slows them almost to a stop.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 077-fungi-bacteria-tiny-living-things.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Fungi	fungi	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	bacteria	bacterium	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
4	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	best	well	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	4	advmod	_	_
6	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	9	advmod	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	advcl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	damp	damp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	_
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	cold	cold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	fridge	fridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	freezer	freezer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	_
20	slows	slow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
21	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	obj	_	_
22	almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
23	to	to	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	stop	stop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present | Fungi and bacteria |  |  |  |  | well *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | milk |  |  |  |  | warm *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | milk *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **slow** | present | the cold of a fridge or freezer | Bacteria *= bacterium* |  |  |  | to a stop | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent they=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:077-fungi-bacteria-tiny-living-things.lesson:15`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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