--- title: Most bacteria are harmless or helpful: they rot dead things, help us… — Fungi, bacteria and tiny living things · tree and pragmatics description: Most bacteria are harmless or helpful: they rot dead things, help us digest food and turn milk into yogurt; only a few cause illness, and yeast makes bread rise by giving off bubbles of gas. Who acts: Most bacteria, Bacteria, us, few. A sentence of the lesson «Fungi, bacteria and tiny living things» --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/77-fungi-bacteria-tiny-living-things/3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [Fungi, bacteria and tiny living things](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/77-fungi-bacteria-tiny-living-things/) / 3 # Fungi, bacteria and tiny living things, sentence 3 Most bacteria are harmless or helpful: they rot dead things, help us digest food and turn milk into yogurt; only a few cause illness, and yeast makes bread rise by giving off bubbles of gas. **Who acts:** Most bacteria, Bacteria, us, few, yeast · **What happens:** be, rot, help, digest, turn, cause · **To what, where:** dead things, us, food, milk, yogurt, bread rise This is a sentence of the lesson «Fungi, bacteria and tiny living things» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Most bacteria, Bacteria, us, few), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:world:077-fungi-bacteria-tiny-living-things.lesson:3 # text = Most bacteria are harmless or helpful: they rot dead things, help us digest food and turn milk into yogurt; only a few cause illness, and yeast makes bread rise by giving off bubbles of gas. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = world # lesson = 077-fungi-bacteria-tiny-living-things.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Most most ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 2 amod _ _ 2 bacteria bacterium NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=4:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 3 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _ 4 harmless harmless ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _ 5 or or CCONJ CC _ 6 cc _ _ 6 helpful helpful ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 conj _ _ 7 : : PUNCT : _ 4 punct _ _ 8 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 nsubj _ _ 9 rot rot VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ _ 10 dead dead ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ _ 11 things thing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 obj _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=9:punct 13 help help VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=4:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 14 us we PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 13 obj _ _ 15 digest digest VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 13 xcomp _ _ 16 food food NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obj _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 18 turn turn VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 15 conj _ _ 19 milk milk NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obj _ _ 20 into into ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 21 yogurt yogurt NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obl _ _ 22 ; ; PUNCT : _ 27 punct _ _ 23 only only ADV RB _ 25 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=27:advmod 24 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 25 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=27:det 25 few few ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 26 nsubj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=27:amod 26 cause cause NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 compound _ _ 27 illness illness NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obl _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 29 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 30 yeast yeast NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 nsubj _ _ 31 makes make VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 27 conj _ _ 32 bread bread NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 compound _ _ 33 rise rise NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obj _ _ 34 by by SCONJ IN _ 35 mark _ _ 35 giving give VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 31 advcl _ _ 36 off off ADP RP _ 35 compound:prt _ _ 37 bubbles bubble NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 obj _ _ 38 of of ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 39 gas gas NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 nmod _ _ 40 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | Most bacteria | | | | | harmless *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **be** | | Most bacteria *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **rot** | present | Bacteria *= bacterium* | dead things | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **help** | present | Bacteria *= bacterium* *not said here* | us | | | | | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent we=Beneficiary clause=Theme | | 5 | **digest** | infinitive | us *not said here* | food | | | | cause illness *obl* | tree rules | | 6 | **turn** | infinitive | us *not said here* | milk | | yogurt | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent milk=Theme into yogurt=Trajectory | | 7 | **cause** | | a few | | | | | | tree rules | | 8 | **make** | present | yeast | bread rise | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset rise=Product | | 9 | **give off** | gerund | yeast *not said here* | bubbles of gas | | | | | vn substance\_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source bubble=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:077-fungi-bacteria-tiny-living-things.lesson:3`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Fungi, bacteria and tiny living things, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/77-fungi-bacteria-tiny-living-things/2/) - next →: [Fungi, bacteria and tiny living things, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/77-fungi-bacteria-tiny-living-things/4/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/77-fungi-bacteria-tiny-living-things/)