--- title: We know about them from fossils: when an animal was buried quickly i… — Dinosaurs and life long ago · tree and pragmatics description: We know about them from fossils: when an animal was buried quickly in mud or sand, its bones were slowly replaced by minerals and turned into stone; footprints, eggs and even droppings can become fossils too. Who acts: We, minerals, footprints. A sentence of the lesson «Dinosaurs and life long ago» --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/78-dinosaurs-and-life-long-ago/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [Dinosaurs and life long ago](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/78-dinosaurs-and-life-long-ago/) / 2 # Dinosaurs and life long ago, sentence 2 We know about them from fossils: when an animal was buried quickly in mud or sand, its bones were slowly replaced by minerals and turned into stone; footprints, eggs and even droppings can become fossils too. **Who acts:** We, minerals, footprints · **What happens:** know, bury, replace, turn, become · **To what, where:** fossils, animal, mud, bones, stone This is a sentence of the lesson «Dinosaurs and life long ago» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (We, minerals, footprints), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:world:078-dinosaurs-and-life-long-ago.lesson:2 # text = We know about them from fossils: when an animal was buried quickly in mud or sand, its bones were slowly replaced by minerals and turned into stone; footprints, eggs and even droppings can become fossils too. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = world # lesson = 078-dinosaurs-and-life-long-ago.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1 1 We we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 know know VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 about about ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 4 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ _ 5 from from ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 fossils fossil NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obl _ _ 7 : : PUNCT : _ 2 punct _ _ 8 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 12 advmod _ _ 9 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 animal animal NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 nsubj:pass _ _ 11 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 12 aux:pass _ _ 12 buried bury VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 23 advcl _ _ 13 quickly quickly ADV RB _ 12 advmod _ _ 14 in in ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 15 mud mud NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obl _ _ 16 or or CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 17 sand sand NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 conj _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 19 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ _ 20 bones bone NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 nsubj:pass _ _ 21 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 23 aux:pass _ _ 22 slowly slowly ADV RB _ 23 advmod _ _ 23 replaced replace VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 2 parataxis _ _ 24 by by ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 25 minerals mineral NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 obl _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 27 turned turn VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 23 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=23:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VBD:Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 28 into into ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 29 stone stone NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obl _ _ 30 ; ; PUNCT : _ 31 punct _ _ 31 footprints footprint NOUN NNS Number=Plur 38 nsubj _ _ 32 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 33 eggs egg NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 conj _ _ 34 and and CCONJ CC _ 33 cc _ _ 35 even even ADV RB _ 36 advmod _ _ 36 droppings dropping NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 conj _ _ 37 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 38 aux _ _ 38 become become VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 parataxis _ _ 39 fossils fossil NOUN NNS Number=Plur 38 xcomp _ _ 40 too too ADV RB _ 38 advmod _ _ 41 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **know** | present | We | | | fossils | | about reptiles *= reptile* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer about they=Stimulus | | 2 | **bury** | past · passive | | a animal | | mud or sand | | quickly *property* | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in mud=Destination | | 3 | **replace** | past · passive | minerals | sand's bones | | | | slowly *property* | vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Co-Theme | | 4 | **turn** | participle | minerals *not said here* | | | stone | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme into stone=Trajectory | | 5 | **become** | can | footprints and eggs and droppings | fossils | | | | | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:078-dinosaurs-and-life-long-ago.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Dinosaurs and life long ago, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/78-dinosaurs-and-life-long-ago/1/) - next →: [Dinosaurs and life long ago, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/78-dinosaurs-and-life-long-ago/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/78-dinosaurs-and-life-long-ago/)