--- title: By looking at a fossil skull, scientists can tell what an animal ate… — Dinosaurs and life long ago · tree and pragmatics description: By looking at a fossil skull, scientists can tell what an animal ate: Tyrannosaurus had long, sharp, curved teeth for meat, while Triceratops had a beak and rows of grinding teeth for tough plants. Who acts: scientists, animal, Tyrannosaurus, Triceratops. A sentence of the lesson «Dinosaurs and life --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/78-dinosaurs-and-life-long-ago/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [Dinosaurs and life long ago](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/78-dinosaurs-and-life-long-ago/) / 4 # Dinosaurs and life long ago, sentence 4 By looking at a fossil skull, scientists can tell what an animal ate: Tyrannosaurus had long, sharp, curved teeth for meat, while Triceratops had a beak and rows of grinding teeth for tough plants. **Who acts:** scientists, animal, Tyrannosaurus, Triceratops, beak · **What happens:** look, tell, eat, have, curve, grind · **To what, where:** long sharp curved teeth, beak, teeth · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Dinosaurs and life long ago» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (scientists, animal, Tyrannosaurus, Triceratops), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:world:078-dinosaurs-and-life-long-ago.lesson:4 # text = By looking at a fossil skull, scientists can tell what an animal ate: Tyrannosaurus had long, sharp, curved teeth for meat, while Triceratops had a beak and rows of grinding teeth for tough plants. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = world # lesson = 078-dinosaurs-and-life-long-ago.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 By by SCONJ IN _ 2 mark _ _ 2 looking look VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 10 advcl _ _ 3 at at ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 5 fossil fossil NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 compound _ _ 6 skull skull NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 2 punct _ _ 8 scientists scientist NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 nsubj _ _ 9 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 10 aux _ _ 10 tell tell VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 11 what what PRON WP PronType=Int 14 obj _ _ 12 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 animal animal NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ _ 14 ate eat VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 10 ccomp _ _ 15 : : PUNCT : _ 17 punct _ _ 16 Tyrannosaurus Tyrannosaurus PROPN NNP Number=Sing 17 nsubj _ _ 17 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 14 parataxis _ _ 18 long long ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 amod _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 20 sharp sharp ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 amod _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 22 curved curve VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 23 amod _ _ 23 teeth tooth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 obj _ _ 24 for for ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 25 meat meat NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 nmod _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 27 while while SCONJ IN _ 29 mark _ _ 28 Triceratops Triceratops PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 29 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=29:nsubj|HaikuPos=PROPN:NNP:Number=Sing 29 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 17 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=10:ccomp 30 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 beak beak NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 obj _ _ 32 and and CCONJ CC _ 33 cc _ _ 33 rows row NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 conj _ _ 34 of of SCONJ IN _ 35 mark _ _ 35 grinding grind VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 31 acl _ _ 36 teeth tooth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 obj _ _ 37 for for ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 38 tough tough ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 39 amod _ _ 39 plants plant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 36 nmod _ _ 40 . . PUNCT . _ 10 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **look** | gerund | scientists *not said here* | | | | | at a fossil skull | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at skull=Theme | | 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | can | scientists | | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **eat** | past | a animal | | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Patient | | 4 | **have** | past | Tyrannosaurus | long sharp curved teeth | | | | for meat | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Patient | | 5 | **curve** | participle | | | | | | | vn knead-26.5 «NP.material V PP.product»: agent=Material | | 6 | **have** | past | Triceratops | a beak and rows | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beak=Patient | | 7 | **grind** | gerund | a beak and rows *not said here* | teeth | | | | for tough plants | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent tooth=Product for plant=Beneficiary | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:078-dinosaurs-and-life-long-ago.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Dinosaurs and life long ago, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/78-dinosaurs-and-life-long-ago/3/) - next →: [Dinosaurs and life long ago, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/78-dinosaurs-and-life-long-ago/5/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/78-dinosaurs-and-life-long-ago/)