---
title: A fossil is the remains or trace of a living thing turned into stone. — Dinosaurs and life long ago · tree and pragmatics
description: A fossil is the remains or trace of a living thing turned into stone. Who acts: fossil. A sentence of the lesson «Dinosaurs and life long ago» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/78-dinosaurs-and-life-long-ago/9/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [Dinosaurs and life long ago](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/78-dinosaurs-and-life-long-ago/) / 9

# Dinosaurs and life long ago, sentence 9

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A fossil is the remains or trace of a living thing turned into stone.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** fossil · **What happens:** be, turn · **To what, where:** remains, living thing, stone

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Dinosaurs and life long ago» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fossil), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:078-dinosaurs-and-life-long-ago.lesson:9
# text = A fossil is the remains or trace of a living thing turned into stone.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 078-dinosaurs-and-life-long-ago.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fossil	fossil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	remains	remains	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	trace	trace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	living	living	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
12	turned	turn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	acl	_	_
13	into	into	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a fossil | the remains or trace of a living thing |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **turn** | participle |  | a living thing *not said here* |  | stone |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme into stone=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:078-dinosaurs-and-life-long-ago.lesson:9`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Dinosaurs and life long ago, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/78-dinosaurs-and-life-long-ago/8/)
- next →: [Dinosaurs and life long ago, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/78-dinosaurs-and-life-long-ago/10/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/78-dinosaurs-and-life-long-ago/)