--- title: Bats and dolphins use echoes: they make a sound, listen for it to bo… — Senses of animals: how they see, hear and smell · tree and pragmatics description: Bats and dolphins use echoes: they make a sound, listen for it to bounce back, and work out where things are, even in complete darkness or murky water. Who acts: Bats, animal, things. A sentence of the lesson «Senses of animals: how they see, hear and smell» of the world course of Mova's primary sch --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/79-senses-of-animals/3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [Senses of animals: how they see, hear…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/79-senses-of-animals/) / 3 # Senses of animals: how they see, hear and smell, sentence 3 Bats and dolphins use echoes: they make a sound, listen for it to bounce back, and work out where things are, even in complete darkness or murky water. **Who acts:** Bats, animal, things · **What happens:** use, make, listen, bounce back, work out, be · **To what, where:** echoes, sound, complete darkness This is a sentence of the lesson «Senses of animals: how they see, hear and smell» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bats, animal, things), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:world:079-senses-of-animals.lesson:3 # text = Bats and dolphins use echoes: they make a sound, listen for it to bounce back, and work out where things are, even in complete darkness or murky water. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = world # lesson = 079-senses-of-animals.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1 1 Bats bat NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 2 and and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 3 dolphins dolphin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 1 conj _ _ 4 use use VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 echoes echo NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obj _ _ 6 : : PUNCT : _ 8 punct _ _ 7 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 nsubj _ _ 8 make make VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ _ 9 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 sound sound NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obj _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 12 listen listen VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=4:parataxis 13 for for SCONJ IN _ 16 mark _ _ 14 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj _ _ 15 to to PART TO _ 16 mark _ _ 16 bounce bounce VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 12 advcl _ _ 17 back back ADV RB _ 16 advmod _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 20 work work VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ _ 21 out out ADP RP _ 20 compound:prt _ _ 22 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 20 ccomp _ _ 23 things thing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 nsubj _ _ 24 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 22 cop _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 26 even even ADV RB _ 29 advmod _ _ 27 in in ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 28 complete complete ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 amod _ _ 29 darkness darkness NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obl _ _ 30 or or CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 31 murky murky ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 32 amod _ _ 32 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 conj _ _ 33 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **use** | present | Bats and dolphins | echoes | | | | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent echo=Patient | | 2 | **make** | present | bats *= bat* | a sound | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sound=Product | | 3 | **listen** | present | bats *= bat* *not said here* | | | | | | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **bounce back** | to-infinitive | animal | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **work out** | present | | | | | | | vn discover-84 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **is** | present | things | | | complete darkness or murky water | | where *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:079-senses-of-animals.lesson:3`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Senses of animals: how they see, hear…, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/79-senses-of-animals/2/) - next →: [Senses of animals: how they see, hear…, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/79-senses-of-animals/4/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/79-senses-of-animals/)