---
title: Temperature tells us how hot or cold something is; we measure it wit… — Heat and temperature: how things warm and cool · tree and pragmatics
description: Temperature tells us how hot or cold something is; we measure it with a thermometer in degrees Celsius (°C). Who acts: Temperature, something, we. A sentence of the lesson «Heat and temperature: how things warm and cool» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the p
---

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# Heat and temperature: how things warm and cool, sentence 0

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Temperature tells us how hot or cold something is; we measure it with a thermometer in degrees Celsius (°C).

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**Who acts:** Temperature, something, we · **What happens:** tell, be, measure · **To what, where:** us, Temperature · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Heat and temperature: how things warm and cool» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Temperature, something, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:082-heat-and-temperature.lesson:0
# text = Temperature tells us how hot or cold something is; we measure it with a thermometer in degrees Celsius (°C).
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 082-heat-and-temperature.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2
1	Temperature	temperature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	tells	tell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	iobj	_	_
4	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
5	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	ccomp	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
8	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
10	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=2:punct
11	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	measure	measure	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:conj
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	thermometer	thermometer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	degrees	degree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nmod	_	_
19	Celsius	Celsius	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=18:compound
20	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	22	punct	_	_
21	°	°	SYM	SYM	_	22	compound	_	_
22	C	c	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	appos	_	_
23	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	22	punct	_	_
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed polarity=none

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | Temperature |  | us |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent we=Recipient |
| 2 | **is** | present | something |  |  |  |  | hot *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | something *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **measure** | present | we | Temperature |  |  |  | with a thermometer in degrees  Celsius | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme it=Value |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:082-heat-and-temperature.lesson:0`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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