---
title: Convection carries heat with moving air or water: warm air rises and… — Heat and temperature: how things warm and cool · tree and pragmatics
description: Convection carries heat with moving air or water: warm air rises and cool air sinks. Who acts: Convection, cool air. A sentence of the lesson «Heat and temperature: how things warm and cool» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Heat and temperature: how things warm and cool, sentence 6

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Convection carries heat with moving air or water: warm air rises and cool air sinks.

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**Who acts:** Convection, cool air · **What happens:** carry, move, rise, sink · **To what, where:** heat

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Heat and temperature: how things warm and cool» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Convection, cool air), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:082-heat-and-temperature.lesson:6
# text = Convection carries heat with moving air or water: warm air rises and cool air sinks.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 082-heat-and-temperature.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2
1	Convection	convection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	carries	carry	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=6:mark|HaikuPos=SCONJ:IN:_
5	moving	move	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	amod	_	_
6	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	2	punct	_	_
10	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=12:nsubj
12	rises	rise	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	cool	cool	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
16	sinks	sink	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | present | Convection | heat |  |  |  | with moving air or water | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Theme |
| 2 | **move** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **rise** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **sink** | present | cool air |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:082-heat-and-temperature.lesson:6`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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