---
title: Radiation carries heat across empty space, as the Sun warms the Earth. — Heat and temperature: how things warm and cool · tree and pragmatics
description: Radiation carries heat across empty space, as the Sun warms the Earth. Who acts: Radiation, Sun. A sentence of the lesson «Heat and temperature: how things warm and cool» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Heat and temperature: how things warm and cool, sentence 7

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Radiation carries heat across empty space, as the Sun warms the Earth.

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**Who acts:** Radiation, Sun · **What happens:** carry, warm · **To what, where:** heat, empty space, Earth

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Heat and temperature: how things warm and cool» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Radiation, Sun), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:082-heat-and-temperature.lesson:7
# text = Radiation carries heat across empty space, as the Sun warms the Earth.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 082-heat-and-temperature.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Radiation	radiation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	carries	carry	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	across	across	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	empty	empty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	space	space	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	warms	warm	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | present | Radiation | heat |  | empty space |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Theme |
| 2 | **warm** | present | the Sun | the Earth |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent earth=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:082-heat-and-temperature.lesson:7`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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