---
title: Ice floats because water expands when it freezes, so ice is lighter… — Floating and sinking: the push of water · tree and pragmatics
description: Ice floats because water expands when it freezes, so ice is lighter than the same amount of water. Who acts: Ice, water. A sentence of the lesson «Floating and sinking: the push of water» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Floating and sinking: the push of water, sentence 21

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Ice floats because water expands when it freezes, so ice is lighter than the same amount of water.

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**Who acts:** Ice, water · **What happens:** float, expand, freeze, be, amount · **To what, where:** water

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Floating and sinking: the push of water» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ice, water), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:083-floating-and-sinking.lesson:21
# text = Ice floats because water expands when it freezes, so ice is lighter than the same amount of water.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 083-floating-and-sinking.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	floats	float	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
4	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	expands	expand	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
6	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	8	mark	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	freezes	freeze	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	so	so	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
13	lighter	light	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	conj	_	_
14	than	than	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	amount	amount	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **float** | present | Ice |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **expand** | present | water |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **freeze** | present | water |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **is** | present | ice |  |  |  |  | than the same amount of water; light *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **amount** |  |  | water |  |  |  |  | nom amount «possession transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:083-floating-and-sinking.lesson:21`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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