---
title: Stone and concrete are very strong when squashed but crack easily wh… — Building strong things: bridges, towers and shapes · tree and pragmatics
description: Stone and concrete are very strong when squashed but crack easily when stretched; steel is strong in both ways. Who acts: Stone, steel. A sentence of the lesson «Building strong things: bridges, towers and shapes» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmati
---

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# Building strong things: bridges, towers and shapes, sentence 3

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stone and concrete are very strong when squashed but crack easily when stretched; steel is strong in both ways.

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**Who acts:** Stone, steel · **What happens:** be, squash, crack, stretch · **To what, where:** ways

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Building strong things: bridges, towers and shapes» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Stone, steel), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:086-building-strong-things.lesson:3
# text = Stone and concrete are very strong when squashed but crack easily when stretched; steel is strong in both ways.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 086-building-strong-things.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	concrete	concrete	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	very	very	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	8	mark	_	_
8	squashed	squash	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	advcl	_	_
9	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	crack	crack	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	conj	_	_
11	easily	easily	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
12	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	13	mark	_	_
13	stretched	stretch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	advcl	_	_
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
15	steel	steel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
17	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	parataxis	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	20	det	_	_
20	ways	way	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	_
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Stone and concrete |  |  |  |  | strong *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **squash** | participle | Stone and concrete *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn bump-18.4-1 «NP V together»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **crack** | infinitive | Stone and concrete *not said here* |  |  |  |  | easily *property* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **stretch** | participle | Stone and concrete *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 5 | **is** | present | steel |  |  | both ways |  | strong *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:086-building-strong-things.lesson:3`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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