---
title: In a secret ballot nobody can see how a person voted. — Laws, voting and how a country is run · tree and pragmatics
description: In a secret ballot nobody can see how a person voted. Who acts: nobody, person. A sentence of the lesson «Laws, voting and how a country is run» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Laws, voting and how a country is run, sentence 13

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In a secret ballot nobody can see how a person voted.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** nobody, person · **What happens:** see, vote · **To what, where:** secret ballot

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Laws, voting and how a country is run» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (nobody, person), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:096-laws-voting-government.lesson:13
# text = In a secret ballot nobody can see how a person voted.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 096-laws-voting-government.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	secret	secret	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	ballot	ballot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
5	nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	7	nsubj	_	_
6	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	see	see	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	11	advmod	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	voted	vote	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | can | nobody |  |  | a secret ballot |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **vote** | past | a person |  |  |  |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:096-laws-voting-government.lesson:13`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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