---
title: Courts and judges decide whether a law has been broken and must list… — Laws, voting and how a country is run · tree and pragmatics
description: Courts and judges decide whether a law has been broken and must listen fairly to both sides. Who acts: Courts. A sentence of the lesson «Laws, voting and how a country is run» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/96-laws-voting-government/19/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [Laws, voting and how a country is run](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/96-laws-voting-government/) / 19

# Laws, voting and how a country is run, sentence 19

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Courts and judges decide whether a law has been broken and must listen fairly to both sides.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Courts · **What happens:** decide, break, listen · **To what, where:** law · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Laws, voting and how a country is run» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Courts), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:096-laws-voting-government.lesson:19
# text = Courts and judges decide whether a law has been broken and must listen fairly to both sides.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 096-laws-voting-government.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Courts	court	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	judges	judge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
4	decide	decide	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	whether	whether	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	ccomp	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	listen	listen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	conj	_	_
14	fairly	fairly	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	17	det	_	_
17	sides	side	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **decide** | present | Courts and judges |  |  |  |  |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **break** | present · perfect · passive |  | a law |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 3 | **listen** | must |  |  |  |  |  | to both sides; fairly *property* | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to side=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:096-laws-voting-government.lesson:19`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Laws, voting and how a country is run, 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/96-laws-voting-government/18/)
- next →: [Laws, voting and how a country is run, 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/96-laws-voting-government/22/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/96-laws-voting-government/)