---
title: Vikings led by Leif Erikson reached North America about a thousand y… — Explorers and how the world was mapped · tree and pragmatics
description: Vikings led by Leif Erikson reached North America about a thousand years ago. Who acts: Vikings. A sentence of the lesson «Explorers and how the world was mapped» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Explorers and how the world was mapped, sentence 14

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Vikings led by Leif Erikson reached North America about a thousand years ago.

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**Who acts:** Vikings · **What happens:** lead, reach · **To what, where:** Vikings, North America

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Explorers and how the world was mapped» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Vikings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:098-explorers-mapping-the-world.lesson:14
# text = Vikings led by Leif Erikson reached North America about a thousand years ago.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 098-explorers-mapping-the-world.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4, R8-pos-agree ×1
1	Vikings	viking	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=6:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NNS:Number=Plur
2	led	lead	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
3	by	by	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Leif	Leif	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl:agent	_	_
5	Erikson	Erikson	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	flat	_	_
6	reached	reach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	America	America	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	about	about	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=12:case|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=12:det
11	thousand	thousand	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
12	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=6:obl
13	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=12:advmod
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=narrate

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lead** | participle |  | Vikings *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition |
| 2 | **reach** | past | Vikings | North America |  |  |  | ago *property* | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent america=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:098-explorers-mapping-the-world.lesson:14`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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