---
title: A plane's wings push air downwards, and the air pushes the plane upw… — Transport: from horses to planes · tree and pragmatics
description: A plane's wings push air downwards, and the air pushes the plane upwards; this is called lift. Who acts: wings, air. A sentence of the lesson «Transport: from horses to planes» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Transport: from horses to planes, sentence 23

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A plane's wings push air downwards, and the air pushes the plane upwards; this is called lift.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** wings, air · **What happens:** push, call · **To what, where:** air, plane, this · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Transport: from horses to planes» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wings, air), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:099-transport-horses-to-planes.lesson:23
# text = A plane's wings push air downwards, and the air pushes the plane upwards; this is called lift.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 099-transport-horses-to-planes.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	plane	plane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	_
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	wings	wing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	push	push	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	downwards	downwards	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	pushes	push	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	plane	plane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	upwards	upwards	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
16	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
17	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	19	nsubj:pass	_	_
18	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux:pass	_	_
19	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	parataxis	_	_
20	lift	lift	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	xcomp	_	_
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **push** | present | a plane's wings | air |  |  |  | downwards *property* | vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme |
| 2 | **push** | present | the air | the plane |  |  |  | upwards *property* | vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plane=Theme |
| 3 | **call** | present · passive |  | this |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:099-transport-horses-to-planes.lesson:23`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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