--- title: “Well, if I must, I must,” the King said, with a melancholy air, and… — Alice's Adventures in Wonderland · tree and pragmatics description: “Well, if I must, I must,” the King said, with a melancholy air, and, after folding his arms and frowning at the cook till his eyes were nearly out of sight, he said in a deep voice, “What are tarts made of?” Who acts: King, Majesty. A sentence of «Alice's Adventures in Wonderland» by Lewis Carroll, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg11/12/98/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Alice's Adventures in Wonderland](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg11/) / [Chapter XI. Who Stole the Tarts?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg11/12/) / 98 # Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, Chapter XI. Who Stole the Tarts?, sentence 98 “Well, if I must, I must,” the King said, with a melancholy air, and, after folding his arms and frowning at the cook till his eyes were nearly out of sight, he said in a deep voice, “What are tarts made of?” **Who acts:** King, Majesty · **What happens:** say, fold, frown, be, make · **To what, where:** arms, cook, sight, deep voice, tarts · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «Alice's Adventures in Wonderland» by Lewis Carroll, Chapter XI. Who Stole the Tarts?. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (King, Majesty), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg11:12:98 # text = “Well, if I must, I must,” the King said, with a melancholy air, and, after folding his arms and frowning at the cook till his eyes were nearly out of sight, he said in a deep voice, “What are tarts made of?” 1 “ " PUNCT `` _ 14 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 2 Well well INTJ UH _ 14 discourse _ SpaceAfter=No 3 , , PUNCT , _ 2 punct _ _ 4 if if SCONJ IN _ 6 mark _ _ 5 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 6 nsubj _ _ 6 must must AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 7 , , PUNCT , _ 2 punct _ _ 8 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 9 nsubj _ _ 9 must must AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 10 , , PUNCT , _ 2 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 11 ” " PUNCT '' _ 2 punct _ _ 12 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 King King PROPN NNP Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ _ 14 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 42 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No 15 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 16 with with ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 17 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 18 melancholy melancholy NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 compound _ _ 19 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 20 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ SpaceAfter=No 22 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 23 after after SCONJ IN _ 24 mark _ _ 24 folding fold VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 14 parataxis _ _ 25 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 26 nmod:poss _ _ 26 arms arm NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 obj _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 28 frowning frown VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 24 conj _ _ 29 at at ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 30 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 cook cook NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obl _ _ 32 till till ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 33 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 34 nmod:poss _ _ 34 eyes eye NOUN NNS Number=Plur 39 obl _ _ 35 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 39 cop _ _ 36 nearly nearly ADV RB _ 39 advmod _ _ 37 out out ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 38 of of ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 39 sight sight NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No 40 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 41 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 42 nsubj _ _ 42 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 43 in in ADP IN _ 46 case _ _ 44 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 46 det _ _ 45 deep deep ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 46 amod _ _ 46 voice voice NOUN NN Number=Sing 42 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 47 , , PUNCT , _ 51 punct _ _ 48 “ " PUNCT `` _ 51 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 49 What what PRON WP PronType=Int 51 nsubj _ _ 50 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 51 cop _ _ 51 tarts tart NOUN NNS Number=Plur 42 parataxis _ _ 52 made make VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 51 acl _ _ 53 of of ADP IN _ 52 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 54 ? ? PUNCT . _ 51 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 55 ” " PUNCT '' _ 51 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the King | | | | | with a melancholy air | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent with air=Manner | | 2 | **fold** | gerund | | Majesty's arms | | | | | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent arm=Patient | | 3 | **frown** | gerund | | | | the cook | | | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **is** | past | | | | sight | till Majesty's eyes | nearly *property* | tree rules | | 5 | **say** *speech: ask* | past | Majesty | | | a deep voice | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 6 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | | tarts | | | | | tree rules | | 7 | **make** *in a quote* | participle | | tarts *not said here* | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Alice's Adventures in Wonderland» by Lewis Carroll, Project Gutenberg book 11 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 97](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg11/12/97/) - next →: [sentence 99](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg11/12/99/) - ↑ back to [Chapter XI. Who Stole the Tarts?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg11/12/)