---
title: He says it kills all the rats and—oh dear!” cried Alice in a sorrowf… — Alice's Adventures in Wonderland · tree and pragmatics
description: He says it kills all the rats and—oh dear!” cried Alice in a sorrowful tone, “I’m afraid I’ve offended it again!” Who acts: half, terrier, Alice, I. A sentence of «Alice's Adventures in Wonderland» by Lewis Carroll, Chapter II. The Pool of Tears, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every 
---

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# Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, Chapter II. The Pool of Tears, sentence 91

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He says it kills all the rats and—oh dear!” cried Alice in a sorrowful tone, “I’m afraid I’ve offended it again!”

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** half, terrier, Alice, I · **What happens:** say, kill, cry, be, have, offend · **To what, where:** rats, sorrowful tone, terrier · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «Alice's Adventures in Wonderland» by Lewis Carroll, Chapter II. The Pool of Tears. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (half, terrier, Alice, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg11:3:91
# text = He says it kills all the rats and—oh dear!” cried Alice in a sorrowful tone, “I’m afraid I’ve offended it again!”
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	kills	kill	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
5	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	7	det:predet	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	rats	rat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	oh	oh	INTJ	UH	_	11	discourse	_	_
11	dear	dear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	_
14	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
15	Alice	Alice	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	sorrowful	sorrowful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	tone	tone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	’m	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	conj	_	_
24	afraid	afraid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	xcomp	_	_
25	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	’ve	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	ccomp	_	_
27	offended	offend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	parataxis	_	_
28	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	obj	_	_
29	again	again	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | half |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **kill** | present | terrier | all rats |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rat=Theme |
| 3 | **cry** *speech: express* *in a quote* | past | Alice |  |  | a sorrowful tone |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **be** | present | I |  |  |  |  | afraid *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **have** | present | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **offend** | past |  | terrier |  |  | again |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus it=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Alice's Adventures in Wonderland» by Lewis Carroll, Project Gutenberg book 11 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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