--- title: “You are old,” said the youth, “and your jaws are too weak For anyth… — Alice's Adventures in Wonderland · tree and pragmatics description: “You are old,” said the youth, “and your jaws are too weak For anything tougher than suet; Yet you finished the goose, with the bones and the beak— Pray, how did you manage to do it?” Who acts: You, old, jaws. A sentence of «Alice's Adventures in Wonderland» by Lewis Carroll, Chapter V. Advice from --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg11/6/40/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Alice's Adventures in Wonderland](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg11/) / [Chapter V. Advice from a Caterpillar](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg11/6/) / 40 # Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, Chapter V. Advice from a Caterpillar, sentence 40 “You are old,” said the youth, “and your jaws are too weak For anything tougher than suet; Yet you finished the goose, with the bones and the beak— Pray, how did you manage to do it?” **Who acts:** You, old, jaws · **What happens:** be, say, finish, manage, do · **To what, where:** youth, goose · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «Alice's Adventures in Wonderland» by Lewis Carroll, Chapter V. Advice from a Caterpillar. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (You, old, jaws), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg11:6:40 # text = “You are old,” said the youth, “and your jaws are too weak For anything tougher than suet; Yet you finished the goose, with the bones and the beak— Pray, how did you manage to do it?” 1 “ " PUNCT `` _ 4 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 2 You you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ _ 3 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _ 4 old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 5 , , PUNCT , _ 4 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 6 ” " PUNCT '' _ 4 punct _ _ 7 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 youth youth NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 10 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 11 “ " PUNCT `` _ 17 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 12 and and CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 13 your your PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ _ 14 jaws jaw NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 nsubj _ _ 15 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 cop _ _ 16 too too ADV RB _ 17 advmod _ _ 17 weak weak ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 conj _ _ 18 For for ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 19 anything anything PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 17 obl _ _ 20 tougher tough ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 19 amod _ _ 21 than than ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 22 suet suet NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 23 ; ; PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 24 Yet yet CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 25 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 26 nsubj _ _ 26 finished finish VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 conj _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 goose goose NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 29 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 30 with with ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 31 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 32 bones bone NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 obl _ _ 33 and and CCONJ CC _ 35 cc _ _ 34 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 35 beak beak NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 36 — - PUNCT : _ 37 punct _ _ 37 Pray Pray PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No 38 , , PUNCT , _ 42 punct _ _ 39 how how ADV WRB PronType=Int 42 advmod _ _ 40 did do AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 42 aux _ _ 41 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 42 nsubj _ _ 42 manage manage VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 37 conj _ _ 43 to to PART TO _ 44 mark _ _ 44 do do VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 42 xcomp _ _ 45 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 44 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 46 ? ? PUNCT . _ 37 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 47 ” " PUNCT '' _ 37 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** *in a quote* | present | You | | | | | old *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **say** *speech: ask* | past | old | the youth | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **is** *in a quote* | present | your jaws | | | | | for anything; weak *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **finish** *in a quote* | past | you | the goose | | | | with the bones and the beak | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality PP.subeventuality»: agent=Affector goose=Eventuality with bone=Subeventuality | | 5 | **manage** *in a quote* | past · do-support | you | | | | | | vn succeed-74-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | | 6 | **do** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | youth | | | | | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Alice's Adventures in Wonderland» by Lewis Carroll, Project Gutenberg book 11 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 39](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg11/6/39/) - next →: [sentence 41](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg11/6/41/) - ↑ back to [Chapter V. Advice from a Caterpillar](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg11/6/)