---
title: She said the last words out loud, and the little thing grunted in re… — Alice's Adventures in Wonderland · tree and pragmatics
description: She said the last words out loud, and the little thing grunted in reply (it had left off sneezing by this time). Who acts: Alice. A sentence of «Alice's Adventures in Wonderland» by Lewis Carroll, Chapter VI. Pig and Pepper, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, Chapter VI. Pig and Pepper, sentence 78

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She said the last words out loud, and the little thing grunted in reply (it had left off sneezing by this time).

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**Who acts:** Alice · **What happens:** say, grunt, leave off, sneeze · **To what, where:** last words, little thing, reply · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Alice's Adventures in Wonderland» by Lewis Carroll, Chapter VI. Pig and Pepper. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Alice), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg11:7:78
# text = She said the last words out loud, and the little thing grunted in reply (it had left off sneezing by this time).
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	out	out	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	loud	loud	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	grunted	grunt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	reply	reply	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
16	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj:pass	_	_
18	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	parataxis	_	_
20	off	off	ADP	RP	_	19	compound:prt	_	_
21	sneezing	sneeze	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	19	advcl	_	_
22	by	by	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	24	det	_	_
24	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Alice | the last words |  |  |  | loud *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent word=Topic |
| 2 | **grunt** | participle · passive |  | the little thing |  | reply |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **leave off** | past · perfect · passive |  | reply |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 4 | **sneeze** | gerund |  |  |  |  | time |  | vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Alice's Adventures in Wonderland» by Lewis Carroll, Project Gutenberg book 11 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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