---
title: The toad who had just spoken, called to a young toad, saying-- — Grimm's Fairy Stories · tree and pragmatics
description: The toad who had just spoken, called to a young toad, saying-- A sentence of «Grimm's Fairy Stories» by Jacob Grimm, Dummling and the Three Feathers, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Grimm's Fairy Stories, Dummling and the Three Feathers, sentence 15

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The toad who had just spoken, called to a young toad, saying--

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**What happens:** speak, call, say · **To what, where:** toad, young toad · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Grimm's Fairy Stories» by Jacob Grimm, Dummling and the Three Feathers. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg11027:10:15
# text = The toad who had just spoken, called to a young toad, saying--
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	toad	toad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	just	just	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	toad	toad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past · perfect · passive |  | the toad |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **call** | participle |  |  | a young toad |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to toad=Recipient |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Grimm's Fairy Stories» by Jacob Grimm, Project Gutenberg book 11027 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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