---
title: The first said, "Who has been sitting on my stool?" — Grimm's Fairy Stories · tree and pragmatics
description: The first said, "Who has been sitting on my stool?" Who acts: first. A sentence of «Grimm's Fairy Stories» by Jacob Grimm, Little Snow White, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Grimm's Fairy Stories, Little Snow White, sentence 22

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The first said, "Who has been sitting on my stool?"

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**Who acts:** first · **What happens:** say, sit · **To what, where:** stool · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Grimm's Fairy Stories» by Jacob Grimm, Little Snow White. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (first), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg11027:11:22
# text = The first said, "Who has been sitting on my stool?"
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	first	first	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
5	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
7	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	9	aux	_	_
9	sitting	sit	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	ccomp	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	stool	stool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: ask* | past | the first |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **sit** *in a quote* | present · perfect · progressive |  |  |  | my stool |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on stool=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Grimm's Fairy Stories» by Jacob Grimm, Project Gutenberg book 11027 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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