---
title: Ah! heavens!" said the parson, "I have a lame foot, and I cannot go… — Grimm's Fairy Stories · tree and pragmatics
description: Ah! heavens!" said the parson, "I have a lame foot, and I cannot go out to exorcize him." Who acts: heavens, I. A sentence of «Grimm's Fairy Stories» by Jacob Grimm, Catherine and Frederick, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Grimm's Fairy Stories, Catherine and Frederick, sentence 114

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Ah! heavens!" said the parson, "I have a lame foot, and I cannot go out to exorcize him."

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**Who acts:** heavens, I · **What happens:** say, have, not go out, exorcize · **To what, where:** parson, lame foot · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Grimm's Fairy Stories» by Jacob Grimm, Catherine and Frederick. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (heavens, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg11027:12:114
# text = Ah! heavens!" said the parson, "I have a lame foot, and I cannot go out to exorcize him."
1	Ah	ah	INTJ	UH	_	3	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
3	heavens	heaven	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
6	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	parson	parson	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	ccomp	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	lame	lame	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
18	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
19	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	21	advmod	_	_
21	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	conj	_	_
22	out	out	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
23	to	to	PART	TO	_	24	mark	_	_
24	exorcize	exorcize	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	advcl	_	_
25	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | past | heavens | the parson |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | present | I | a lame foot |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent foot=Patient |
| 3 | **not** **go out** | can | I |  |  |  |  | out *property* | vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **exorcize** | to-infinitive | I *not said here* | parson |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Grimm's Fairy Stories» by Jacob Grimm, Project Gutenberg book 11027 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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