---
title: "Ah! but I must, Fred, it is very heavy," said Catherine. — Grimm's Fairy Stories · tree and pragmatics
description: "Ah! but I must, Fred, it is very heavy," said Catherine. Who acts: vinegar, Fred. A sentence of «Grimm's Fairy Stories» by Jacob Grimm, Catherine and Frederick, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Grimm's Fairy Stories, Catherine and Frederick, sentence 83

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"Ah! but I must, Fred, it is very heavy," said Catherine.

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**Who acts:** vinegar, Fred · **What happens:** be, say · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Grimm's Fairy Stories» by Jacob Grimm, Catherine and Frederick. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (vinegar, Fred), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg11027:12:83
# text = "Ah! but I must, Fred, it is very heavy," said Catherine.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Ah	ah	INTJ	UH	_	8	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
4	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
5	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
6	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	Fred	Fred	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
12	very	very	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	_
16	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
17	Catherine	Catherine	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *in a quote* | present | vinegar |  |  |  |  | heavy *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: express* | past | Fred |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Grimm's Fairy Stories» by Jacob Grimm, Project Gutenberg book 11027 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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