---
title: I have been looking for you," exclaimed he; and taking up his gun, h… — Grimm's Fairy Stories · tree and pragmatics
description: I have been looking for you," exclaimed he; and taking up his gun, he shot the old Wolf through the head. Who acts: I, huntsman. A sentence of «Grimm's Fairy Stories» by Jacob Grimm, Little Red Cap, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Grimm's Fairy Stories, Little Red Cap, sentence 44

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I have been looking for you," exclaimed he; and taking up his gun, he shot the old Wolf through the head.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I, huntsman · **What happens:** look, exclaim, take up, shoot · **To what, where:** huntsman, gun, old Wolf, head · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Grimm's Fairy Stories» by Jacob Grimm, Little Red Cap. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, huntsman), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg11027:14:44
# text = I have been looking for you," exclaimed he; and taking up his gun, he shot the old Wolf through the head.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	aux	_	_
4	looking	look	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	_
9	exclaimed	exclaim	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	taking	take	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	19	csubj	_	_
14	up	up	ADP	RP	_	13	compound:prt	_	_
15	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	gun	gun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
18	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	shot	shoot	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	Wolf	Wolf	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
23	through	through	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | present · perfect · progressive | I |  |  |  |  | for you | tree rules |
| 2 | **exclaim** *speech: express* *in a quote* | past | a huntsman *= huntsman* *not said here* | huntsman |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent he=Topic |
| 3 | **take up** *in a quote* | gerund |  | huntsman's gun |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gun=Theme |
| 4 | **shoot** *in a quote* | past | huntsman | the old Wolf |  | the head |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent wolf=Theme through head=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Grimm's Fairy Stories» by Jacob Grimm, Project Gutenberg book 11027 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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