---
title: Ah," she exclaimed in affright, "I am betrayed; I am carried off and… — Grimm's Fairy Stories · tree and pragmatics
description: Ah," she exclaimed in affright, "I am betrayed; I am carried off and taken away in the power of a strange merchant. Who acts: Princess. A sentence of «Grimm's Fairy Stories» by Jacob Grimm, Faithful John, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Grimm's Fairy Stories, Faithful John, sentence 48

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Ah," she exclaimed in affright, "I am betrayed; I am carried off and taken away in the power of a strange merchant.

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**Who acts:** Princess · **What happens:** exclaim, betray, carry off, take away · **To what, where:** affright, I, power · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Grimm's Fairy Stories» by Jacob Grimm, Faithful John. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Princess), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg11027:16:48
# text = Ah," she exclaimed in affright, "I am betrayed; I am carried off and taken away in the power of a strange merchant.
1	Ah	ah	INTJ	UH	_	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	_
4	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	exclaimed	exclaim	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	affright	affright	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
11	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	betrayed	betray	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
15	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	carried	carry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	parataxis	_	_
17	off	off	ADP	RP	_	16	compound:prt	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	conj	_	_
20	away	away	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	power	power	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
26	strange	strange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	merchant	merchant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exclaim** *speech: express* *in a quote* | past | Princess |  |  | affright |  |  | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **betray** | present · passive |  | I |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **carry off** | present · passive |  | I |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 4 | **take away** | participle |  |  |  | the power of a strange merchant |  | away *property* | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Grimm's Fairy Stories» by Jacob Grimm, Project Gutenberg book 11027 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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