---
title: After the crows had thus talked with one another, they flew away, an… — Grimm's Fairy Stories · tree and pragmatics
description: After the crows had thus talked with one another, they flew away, and the trusty John, who had perfectly understood all they had said, was from that time very quiet and sad; for if he concealed from his master what he had heard, misfortune would happen to him, and if he told him all he must give up 
---

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# Grimm's Fairy Stories, Faithful John, sentence 73

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After the crows had thus talked with one another, they flew away, and the trusty John, who had perfectly understood all they had said, was from that time very quiet and sad; for if he concealed from his master what he had heard, misfortune would happen to him, and if he told him all he must give up his own life.

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**Who acts:** crows, trusty John, John, misfortune, all · **What happens:** talk, fly away, understand, say, be, conceal · **To what, where:** crows, trusty John, master, John, own life · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Grimm's Fairy Stories» by Jacob Grimm, Faithful John. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (crows, trusty John, John, misfortune), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg11027:16:73
# text = After the crows had thus talked with one another, they flew away, and the trusty John, who had perfectly understood all they had said, was from that time very quiet and sad; for if he concealed from his master what he had heard, misfortune would happen to him, and if he told him all he must give up his own life.
1	After	after	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	crows	crow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	talked	talk	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	advcl	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	obl	_	_
9	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	8	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
11	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	flew	fly	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	away	away	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	trusty	trusty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	John	John	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
20	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	23	nsubj:pass	_	_
21	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
22	perfectly	perfectly	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
23	understood	understand	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	acl:relcl	_	_
24	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	23	obj	_	_
25	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
26	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
27	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	24	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
29	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	34	cop	_	_
30	from	from	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	32	det	_	_
32	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	_
33	very	very	ADV	RB	_	34	advmod	_	_
34	quiet	quiet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	conj	_	_
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
36	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	41	punct	_	_
38	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	41	mark	_	_
39	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	41	mark	_	_
40	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	41	nsubj	_	_
41	concealed	conceal	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
42	from	from	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
43	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	44	nmod:poss	_	_
44	master	master	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	obl	_	_
45	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	41	obj	_	_
46	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	48	nsubj	_	_
47	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	48	aux	_	_
48	heard	hear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	45	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
49	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	52	punct	_	_
50	misfortune	misfortune	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	52	nsubj	_	_
51	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	52	aux	_	_
52	happen	happen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	41	conj	_	_
53	to	to	ADP	IN	_	54	case	_	_
54	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	52	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
55	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	59	punct	_	_
56	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	59	cc	_	_
57	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	59	mark	_	_
58	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	59	nsubj	_	_
59	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
60	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	59	iobj	_	_
61	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	64	nsubj	_	_
62	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	64	nsubj	_	_
63	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	64	aux	_	_
64	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	59	ccomp	_	_
65	up	up	ADP	RP	_	64	compound:prt	_	_
66	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	68	nmod:poss	_	_
67	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	68	amod	_	_
68	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	64	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
69	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **talk** | past · perfect · passive |  | the crows |  |  |  | with one; thus *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **fly away** | past | crows *= crow* |  |  |  |  | away *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **understand** | past · perfect · passive |  | the trusty John |  |  |  | perfectly *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | past · perfect | crows *= crow* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **is** | past | the trusty John |  |  |  | time | quiet *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **be** |  | the trusty John *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **conceal** *a condition, not said to happen* | past | John |  |  | John's master |  |  | vn concealment-16 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent what=Patient from master=Beneficiary |
| 8 | **hear** | past · perfect | John |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer |
| 9 | **happen** | would | misfortune |  | John |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 10 | **tell** *speech: assert* *a condition, not said to happen* | past | John |  | master |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 11 | **give up** | must | all | John's own life |  |  |  |  | vn resign-10.11-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent life=Source |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Grimm's Fairy Stories» by Jacob Grimm, Project Gutenberg book 11027 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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