---
title: Once when he was thus standing behind a tree, he saw that an enchant… — Grimm's Fairy Stories · tree and pragmatics
description: Once when he was thus standing behind a tree, he saw that an enchantress came there, and he heard how she cried, Who acts: son, enchantress. A sentence of «Grimm's Fairy Stories» by Jacob Grimm, The Six Swans, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Grimm's Fairy Stories, The Six Swans, sentence 101

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Once when he was thus standing behind a tree, he saw that an enchantress came there, and he heard how she cried,

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**Who acts:** son, enchantress · **What happens:** stand, see, come, hear, cry · **To what, where:** tree · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Grimm's Fairy Stories» by Jacob Grimm, The Six Swans. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (son, enchantress), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg11027:19:101
# text = Once when he was thus standing behind a tree, he saw that an enchantress came there, and he heard how she cried,
1	Once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	2	advmod	_	_
2	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	6	mark	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	standing	stand	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	advcl	_	_
7	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
11	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
14	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	enchantress	enchantress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
16	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	advcl	_	_
17	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	16	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
21	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	parataxis	_	_
22	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	24	advmod	_	_
23	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
24	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | past · progressive | son |  |  | a tree |  | thus *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent behind tree=Location |
| 2 | **see** | past | son |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **come** | past | a enchantress |  |  | there |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **hear** | past | son |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 5 | **cry** *speech: express* | past | enchantress |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Grimm's Fairy Stories» by Jacob Grimm, Project Gutenberg book 11027 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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