---
title: In winter-time, when the earth is frozen hard, they must remain unde… — Grimm's Fairy Stories · tree and pragmatics
description: In winter-time, when the earth is frozen hard, they must remain underground, and cannot make their way through: but now that the sunshine has thawed the earth they can come to the surface, and whatever gets into their hands, or is brought to their caves, seldom, if ever, again sees daylight." Who ac
---

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# Grimm's Fairy Stories, Snow-white and Rose-red, sentence 41

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In winter-time, when the earth is frozen hard, they must remain underground, and cannot make their way through: but now that the sunshine has thawed the earth they can come to the surface, and whatever gets into their hands, or is brought to their caves, seldom, if ever, again sees daylight."

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**Who acts:** dwarfs, whatever · **What happens:** freeze, remain, not make, thaw, come, get · **To what, where:** earth, way, sunshine, surface, hands, caves

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This is a sentence of «Grimm's Fairy Stories» by Jacob Grimm, Snow-white and Rose-red. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dwarfs, whatever), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg11027:23:41
# text = In winter-time, when the earth is frozen hard, they must remain underground, and cannot make their way through: but now that the sunshine has thawed the earth they can come to the surface, and whatever gets into their hands, or is brought to their caves, seldom, if ever, again sees daylight."
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
6	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	frozen	freeze	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl:relcl	_	_
11	hard	hard	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
13	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
14	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	remain	remain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
16	underground	underground	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
19	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	21	advmod	_	_
21	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	conj	_	_
22	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
24	through	through	ADP	IN	_	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	32	punct	_	_
26	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
27	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	32	advmod	_	_
28	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	32	mark	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	sunshine	sunshine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nsubj:pass	_	_
31	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	32	aux	_	_
32	thawed	thaw	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	37	advcl	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obj	_	_
35	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	37	nsubj	_	_
36	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	37	aux	_	_
37	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	conj	_	_
38	to	to	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	44	punct	_	_
42	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	44	cc	_	_
43	whatever	whatever	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	44	nsubj	_	_
44	gets	get	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	37	parataxis	_	_
45	into	into	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
46	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	47	nmod:poss	_	_
47	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	44	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
48	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	51	punct	_	_
49	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	51	cc	_	_
50	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	51	aux:pass	_	_
51	brought	bring	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	44	conj	_	_
52	to	to	ADP	IN	_	54	case	_	_
53	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	54	nmod:poss	_	_
54	caves	cave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	51	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
55	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	56	punct	_	_
56	seldom	seldom	ADV	RB	_	51	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
57	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	59	punct	_	_
58	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	59	mark	_	_
59	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	51	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
60	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	62	punct	_	_
61	again	again	ADV	RB	_	62	advmod	_	_
62	sees	see	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	44	conj	_	_
63	daylight	daylight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	62	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
64	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	37	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
65	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **freeze** | present · passive |  | the earth |  |  |  | hard *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Result |
| 2 | **remain** | must | dwarfs *= dwarf* |  |  |  | time | underground *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **not** **make** | can | dwarfs *= dwarf* *not said here* | dwarfs's way |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset way=Product |
| 4 | **thaw** | present · perfect · passive |  | the sunshine |  |  | now |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **come** | can | dwarfs *= dwarf* |  |  | the surface |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to surface=Initial\_Location |
| 6 | **get** | present | whatever |  |  | dwarfs's hands |  |  | vn escape-51.1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme into hand=Destination |
| 7 | **bring** | present · passive | whatever *not said here* |  |  | dwarfs's caves | ever | seldom *property* | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: to cave=Destination |
| 8 | **see** | present | whatever *not said here* | daylight |  |  | again |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer daylight=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Grimm's Fairy Stories» by Jacob Grimm, Project Gutenberg book 11027 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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