---
title: Once upon a time there lived a man, whose wife had died; and a woman… — Grimm's Fairy Stories · tree and pragmatics
description: Once upon a time there lived a man, whose wife had died; and a woman, also, who had lost her husband: and this man and this woman had each a daughter. Who acts: wife, woman, man. A sentence of «Grimm's Fairy Stories» by Jacob Grimm, The Three Little Men in the Wood, with its dependency tree and the 
---

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# Grimm's Fairy Stories, The Three Little Men in the Wood, sentence 1

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Once upon a time there lived a man, whose wife had died; and a woman, also, who had lost her husband: and this man and this woman had each a daughter.

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**Who acts:** wife, woman, man · **What happens:** live, die, lose, have · **To what, where:** man, husband, daughter

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This is a sentence of «Grimm's Fairy Stories» by Jacob Grimm, The Three Little Men in the Wood. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wife, woman, man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg11027:24:1
# text = Once upon a time there lived a man, whose wife had died; and a woman, also, who had lost her husband: and this man and this woman had each a daughter.
1	Once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	6	advmod	_	_
2	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
5	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	6	advmod	_	_
6	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	wife	wife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
12	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	died	die	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	8	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	also	also	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	23	nsubj	_	_
22	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
23	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	17	conj	_	_
24	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
25	husband	husband	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	33	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
28	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	29	det	_	_
29	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	nsubj	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
31	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	32	det	_	_
32	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	conj	_	_
33	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
34	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	36	det	_	_
35	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	daughter	daughter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | past |  | a man |  | there | time | a woman *obl*; once *property* | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme man=Location |
| 2 | **die** | past · perfect | wife |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 3 | **lose** | past · perfect | a woman | wife's husband |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent husband=Eventuality |
| 4 | **have** | past | this man and this woman | each daughter |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent daughter=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Grimm's Fairy Stories» by Jacob Grimm, Project Gutenberg book 11027 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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