---
title: Once, in the winter-time, when the river was frozen as hard as a sto… — Grimm's Fairy Stories · tree and pragmatics
description: Once, in the winter-time, when the river was frozen as hard as a stone, and hill and valley were covered with snow, the woman made a cloak of paper, and called the maiden to her and said, "Put on this cloak, and go away into the wood to fetch me a little basketful of strawberries, for I have a wish 
---

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# Grimm's Fairy Stories, The Three Little Men in the Wood, sentence 14

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Once, in the winter-time, when the river was frozen as hard as a stone, and hill and valley were covered with snow, the woman made a cloak of paper, and called the maiden to her and said, "Put on this cloak, and go away into the wood to fetch me a little basketful of strawberries, for I have a wish for some."

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** woman · **What happens:** freeze, cover, make, call, say, put · **To what, where:** river, hill, cloak, maiden, woman, wood · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Grimm's Fairy Stories» by Jacob Grimm, The Three Little Men in the Wood. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (woman), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg11027:24:14
# text = Once, in the winter-time, when the river was frozen as hard as a stone, and hill and valley were covered with snow, the woman made a cloak of paper, and called the maiden to her and said, "Put on this cloak, and go away into the wood to fetch me a little basketful of strawberries, for I have a wish for some."
1	Once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
9	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	13	advmod	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	frozen	freeze	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	conj	_	_
14	as	as	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	xcomp	_	_
16	as	as	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
21	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nsubj:pass	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	valley	valley	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	_
24	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	aux:pass	_	_
25	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	parataxis	_	_
26	with	with	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nsubj	_	_
31	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	parataxis	_	_
32	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	cloak	cloak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obj	_	_
34	of	of	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
38	called	call	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	31	conj	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	maiden	maiden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	obj	_	_
41	to	to	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
42	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	38	obl	_	_
43	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	44	cc	_	_
44	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	31	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	47	punct	_	_
46	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	47	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	Put	put	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	44	ccomp	_	_
48	on	on	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
49	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	50	det	_	_
50	cloak	cloak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	53	punct	_	_
52	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	53	cc	_	_
53	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	47	conj	_	_
54	away	away	ADV	RB	_	53	advmod	_	_
55	into	into	ADP	IN	_	57	case	_	_
56	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	57	det	_	_
57	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	53	obl	_	_
58	to	to	PART	TO	_	59	mark	_	_
59	fetch	fetch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	53	advcl	_	_
60	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	59	obj	_	_
61	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	63	det	_	_
62	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	63	amod	_	_
63	basketful	basketful	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	59	obj	_	_
64	of	of	ADP	IN	_	65	case	_	_
65	strawberries	strawberry	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	63	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
66	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	69	punct	_	_
67	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	69	mark	_	_
68	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	69	nsubj	_	_
69	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	59	advcl	_	_
70	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	71	det	_	_
71	wish	wish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	69	obj	_	_
72	for	for	ADP	IN	_	73	case	_	_
73	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	71	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
74	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
75	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **freeze** | past · passive |  | the river |  |  |  | hard *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Result |
| 2 | **cover** | past · passive |  | hill and valley |  |  |  | with snow | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with snow=Theme |
| 3 | **make** | past | the woman | a cloak of paper |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cloak=Product |
| 4 | **call** | past | the woman *not said here* | the maiden | woman |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent maiden=Topic to she=Recipient |
| 5 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the woman *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 6 | **put** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  | this cloak |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent on cloak=Destination |
| 7 | **go away** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  | the wood |  | away *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into wood=Initial\_Location |
| 8 | **fetch** *in a quote* | to-infinitive |  | a little basketful of strawberries | the woman *= woman* |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: agent=Agent i=Beneficiary basketful=Theme |
| 9 | **have** *in a quote* | present | the woman *= woman* | a wish |  |  |  | for some | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wish=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Grimm's Fairy Stories» by Jacob Grimm, Project Gutenberg book 11027 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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