---
title: These old stories, never forgotten, were taken down in writing in di… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: These old stories, never forgotten, were taken down in writing in different ages, but mostly in this century, in all sorts of languages. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 1, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 1, sentence 18

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These old stories, never forgotten, were taken down in writing in different ages, but mostly in this century, in all sorts of languages.

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**What happens:** not forget, take down, sort · **To what, where:** old stories, writing, languages

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This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:1:18
# text = These old stories, never forgotten, were taken down in writing in different ages, but mostly in this century, in all sorts of languages.
1	These	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
6	forgotten	forget	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
8	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
10	down	down	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	ages	age	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
17	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
18	mostly	mostly	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	21	det	_	_
21	century	century	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
23	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	25	det	_	_
25	sorts	sort	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **forget** | participle |  | this old stories *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **take down** | past · passive |  | this old stories |  | writing | in different ages; century |  | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in writing=Destination |
| 3 | **sort** |  |  | languages |  |  |  |  | nom sort «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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