---
title: People in France and England knew almost nothing about "The Arabian… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: People in France and England knew almost nothing about "The Arabian Nights" till the reigns of Queen Anne and George I., when they were translated into French by Monsieur Galland. Who acts: People, Monsieur. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 1, with its 
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 1, sentence 32

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People in France and England knew almost nothing about "The Arabian Nights" till the reigns of Queen Anne and George I., when they were translated into French by Monsieur Galland.

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**Who acts:** People, Monsieur · **What happens:** know, translate · **To what, where:** nothing, People, French

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This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (People, Monsieur), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:1:32
# text = People in France and England knew almost nothing about "The Arabian Nights" till the reigns of Queen Anne and George I., when they were translated into French by Monsieur Galland.
1	People	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	France	France	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	England	England	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	6	obj	_	_
9	about	about	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
10	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	Arabian	Arabian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	Nights	Night	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	_
15	till	till	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	reigns	reign	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	Queen	Queen	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	Anne	Anne	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	George	George	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	_
23	I.	I.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
25	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	28	advmod	_	_
26	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj:pass	_	_
27	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	aux:pass	_	_
28	translated	translate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
29	into	into	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	French	French	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	_
31	by	by	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	Monsieur	Monsieur	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	obl:agent	_	_
33	Galland	Galland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | past | People in France and England | nothing |  |  | about the Arabian Nights; till the reigns of Queen Anne and George |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer nothing=Stimulus |
| 2 | **translate** | past · passive | Monsieur | People |  |  |  | into French *result* | vn turn-26.6.1 «NP V NP.patient PP.result»: agent=Agent subject=Patient into french=Result |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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