---
title: In the chronicles of the ancient dynasty of the Sassanidae, who reig… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: In the chronicles of the ancient dynasty of the Sassanidae, who reigned for about four hundred years, from Persia to the borders of China, beyond the great river Ganges itself, we read the praises of one of the kings of this race, who was said to be the best monarch of his time. Who acts: Sassanidae
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 1, sentence 45

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the chronicles of the ancient dynasty of the Sassanidae, who reigned for about four hundred years, from Persia to the borders of China, beyond the great river Ganges itself, we read the praises of one of the kings of this race, who was said to be the best monarch of his time.

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**Who acts:** Sassanidae, we · **What happens:** reign, read, say, be, chronicle · **To what, where:** Persia, praises, chronicles, race, best monarch, ancient dynasty · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sassanidae, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:1:45
# text = In the chronicles of the ancient dynasty of the Sassanidae, who reigned for about four hundred years, from Persia to the borders of China, beyond the great river Ganges itself, we read the praises of one of the kings of this race, who was said to be the best monarch of his time.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	chronicles	chronicle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	36	obl	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	dynasty	dynasty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	Sassanidae	Sassanidae	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
13	reigned	reign	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
15	about	about	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
16	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	17	compound	_	_
17	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	18	nummod	_	_
18	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	from	from	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	Persia	Persia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
22	to	to	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	borders	border	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	China	China	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
28	beyond	beyond	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
30	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	compound	_	_
32	Ganges	Ganges	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
33	itself	itself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Emp|Reflex=Yes	32	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
35	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	36	nsubj	_	_
36	read	read	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	praises	praise	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	36	obj	_	_
39	of	of	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
40	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	38	nmod	_	_
41	of	of	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
42	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
43	kings	king	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	40	nmod	_	_
44	of	of	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
45	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	46	det	_	_
46	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	50	punct	_	_
48	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	50	nsubj	_	_
49	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	50	aux:pass	_	_
50	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	46	acl:relcl	_	_
51	to	to	PART	TO	_	55	mark	_	_
52	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	55	cop	_	_
53	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	55	det	_	_
54	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	55	amod	_	_
55	monarch	monarch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	50	ccomp	_	_
56	of	of	ADP	IN	_	58	case	_	_
57	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	58	nmod:poss	_	_
58	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	55	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
59	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	36	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reign** | past | the Sassanidae |  |  | Persia | year | to the borders of China; beyond river Ganges  Sassanidae | tree rules |
| 2 | **read** | past | we | the praises of one of the kings of this race |  | the chronicles of the ancient dynasty of the Sassanidae |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent praise=Topic |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past · passive |  | this race |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic |
| 4 | **is a** | to-infinitive |  | the best monarch |  |  | time |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **chronicle** |  |  | the ancient dynasty of the Sassanidae |  |  |  |  | nom chronicle «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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