---
title: And not only did my handwriting completely eclipse that of the merch… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: And not only did my handwriting completely eclipse that of the merchants, but it is hardly too much to say that none so beautiful had ever before been seen in that country. Who acts: handwriting, my. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 10, with its depende
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 10, sentence 22

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And not only did my handwriting completely eclipse that of the merchants, but it is hardly too much to say that none so beautiful had ever before been seen in that country.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** handwriting, my · **What happens:** not do, be, say, see, handwrite · **To what, where:** handwriting, merchants, none, country · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 10. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (handwriting, my), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:10:22
# text = And not only did my handwriting completely eclipse that of the merchants, but it is hardly too much to say that none so beautiful had ever before been seen in that country.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
3	only	only	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	handwriting	handwriting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	completely	completely	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	eclipse	eclipse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	dep	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	merchants	merchant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
14	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
17	hardly	hardly	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
18	too	too	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
19	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	acl:relcl	_	_
20	to	to	PART	TO	_	21	mark	_	_
21	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	acl	_	_
22	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	30	mark	_	_
23	none	none	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	30	nsubj:pass	_	_
24	so	so	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
25	beautiful	beautiful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
26	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	30	aux	_	_
27	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	30	advmod	_	_
28	before	before	ADV	RB	_	30	advmod	_	_
29	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	30	aux:pass	_	_
30	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	21	ccomp	_	_
31	in	in	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	33	det	_	_
33	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **do** | past |  | my handwriting |  |  |  | eclipse *obl* | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent handwriting=Eventuality |
| 2 | **is** | present | handwriting | the merchants *not said here* |  |  |  | hardly, much *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **see** | past · perfect · passive |  | none |  | that country | ever | before *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus |
| 5 | **handwrite** |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom handwriting «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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